Characteristics of Amphetamine Psychosis with Respect to the Length of Drug Exposure.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, the number of individuals requiring medical care for amphetamine-related psychosis has increased. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the psychological characteristics of amphetamine psychosis in drug-addicted patients depending on the length of drug exposure and compared to patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. METHODS: The study was carried out in psychiatric clinic No. 1 in Kyiv (Ukraine) in 2019, involving 107 patients. Of all the participants, 50 were included in Group 1 (methamphetamine psychosis) and 57 - in Group 2 (paranoid schizophrenia). All patients were treated with medication to relieve exacerbating symptoms. They underwent extensive testing to determine the impairment severity of cognitive function, attention, and task performance during remission. RESULTS: In Group 1, the timing of onset for paranoid symptoms depends on the length of amphetamine exposure (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.89). The efficacy and dynamics of drug treatment in Group 2 were similar to patients in Group 1. However, the effect of reduction in Group 2 was achieved only in 4 months. Delusions, emotional disturbances, hallucinations in patients of Group 1 occurred 2.3 times more frequently than in Group 2 (p ≤ 0.05). The patients of Group 1 are characterized by the presence of disorders related to the affective and behavioral components. CONCLUSION: All reported exacerbations are related to amphetamine use. Patients in Group 1 learned a smaller number of words compared to those in Group 2. Besides, a large number of errors and difficulties with shifting focus were recorded.

FEATURES OF DENTAL STATUS AND METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To assess the dental status of infants suffering from connective tissue dysplasia, with the analysis of some aspects of hydrocarbon and amino acid metabolism (blood, urine) and internal organs status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 81 infants (aged 14 - 36 months) with multiple dental caries were examined. Among them 39 infants were suffered from connective tissue dysplasia. RESULTS: Results: High prevalence of caries in infants against the background of connective tissue dysplasia compared to their peers in the control group (p <0.05) is established: the caries intensity index and the caries intensity growth index are high in all age groups. Disorders of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism were observed in infants of the main group. Thus, simultaneous increase of amino acids in the blood and urine was observed in 34 children of the main group in different age groups, and simultaneous increase of amino acids in the blood and urine and carbohydrates in the urine was observed in 25 children in different age groups. In infants of the main group the ultrasound examination of abdominal organs revealed changes in the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidneys. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: When carrying out endogenous prophylaxis of dental caries in infants with connective tissue dysplasia, it is necessary to take into account the internal organs' status and thin-layer chromatography data of amino acids and carbohydrates in the blood and urine and to prescribe peroral drugs together with the doctors geneticists.

Possibilities of modern x-ray examination methods for diagnostics of hidden dental caries of approximal localization.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: In case of hidden carious cavities development on the approximal teeth surfaces, the clinical diagnostics of this process is difficult. Then, the diagnostics of carious lesion is not possible without carrying out X-ray examination. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of clinical and X-ray diagnostics for hidden caries of approximal teeth surfaces. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Condition of 2 963 teeth of 115 people aged from 19 to 55 was analysed. Additionally, a digital panoramic 2D diagnostics (Planmeca ProSensor, Finland) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Diagnostics (Morita, Japan) were used for clinical examination of patients. RESULTS: Results: In both variants of diagnostics, the number of caries defects in the upper jaw was higher than in the lower one, and the frequency of caries lesion of various teeth groups had the following sequence in descending order: molar teeth, premolar teeth, incisor teeth and canine teeth. Hidden carious cavities of average depth and deep were detected with almost the same frequency in both variants of the study, which by 1.9 - 2.0 times respectively exceeded the frequency of superficial carious cavities detection (p = 0.0001). According to the results of clinical studies, hidden superficial carious cavities occurred in single cases and X-ray examination improved their diagnostics by 9.6 times (p = 0.0000). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: X-ray examination allows increasing the effectiveness of diagnostics of hidden carious cavities of approximal localization by 1.2 times on the whole (p <0,05). In such cases orthopantomography (OPG) has reasonably sufficient diagnostic capabilities. Definitely, 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has much more diagnostic capabilities, but its use can not be justified for the diagnostics of caries only.

Peculiarities of Morphology of Large Salivary Glands in Experimental Animals Under Different Conditions of Motor Activity of Their Mothers During Pregnancy

Objective: To evaluate of the microstructure of the salivary glands of experimental animals born from of females rats, who were subjected to different modes of motor activity during the pregnancy: limited and compensated by regular moderate training. Material and Methods: The sample was composed 84 three-month-old descendants of Wistar rats which were divided into three groups: G1 (n = 27): posterity of female rats, who during gestation were in standard conditions; G2 (n = 25): posterity of female rats, who during pregnancy were in hypokinesia conditions; G3 (n = 32): which stayed in conditions of hypokinesia, but had running load in running wheel regularly 5 times a week. Results: In adult descendants of G2, morphological structure of the submandibular salivary glands was characterized by decrease size and number of glandular cells; reduction of their cytoplasm; increase in heterochromatin amount and decrease in the intensity of fuchsinophilia. Microstructure of the submandibular salivary glands of the offspring of G3 indicates positive effect of regular short-term physical activity on the morphofunctional state of the specified glands. An increased number of tissue basophils in their stroma is also in favor of greater functional activity of salivary glands. Conclusion: This study indicates deceleration of the metabolic processes in salivary glands of animals under the influence of hypokinesia of their mothers during pregnancy. It was also confirmed that regular physical activity completely eliminates the negative effect of mothers' hypokinesia on morphology the salivary glands of the descendant.